Linking servant leadership to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction Myriam Chiniara, Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Kathleen Bentein, Canada School of Business Administration (ESG), University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Canada The Leadership Quarterly Volume 27, Issue 1, February 2016, Pages 124–141
Despite a growing stream of academic studies exploring positive outcomes of servant leadership practice, little is known about the underlying psychological processes that are activated to enhance individual performance at work. Using the autonomous motivational framework of Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000), the authors propose that a servant leader's focus on employee development helps fulfill three basic psychological needs, namely autonomy, competence and relatedness. In turn, satisfaction of each of these three needs fuels employees in a distinct way, either producing an increase in task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) or both. Researchers collected information from 247 supervisor/employee dyads from a large Canadian technology company. Structural equation modeling results indicated that servant leadership strongly predicted greater satisfaction in all three “need” areas: autonomy, relatedness & competence.
The results of this study provide strong scientific evidence that developing servant leadership practices in clients has a positive impact on the satisfaction and performance of employees on multiple dimensions. The researchers defined servant leaders as those who:
- Lead with vision and goals
- Foster growth and empowerment
- Stretch, challenge and support and inspire trust
There are a number of take-aways from the research that have implications for leadership coaching:
- Points out potential routes coaches can follow to unlock excellence in their clients, and how servant leadership can unlock it in their followers.
- Suggests that leaders identify how needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence show up in themselves and those they lead.
- Indicates autonomy was the strongest psychological need, so coach leaders to delegate and be aware of the dangers of micro-managing.
Ask yourself: how has your leadership/coaching helped someone become a better person?