This study examines the mediating effects of cognitive and affective trust on the relationship between follower perceptions of transformational leadership behavior and their work outcomes. Using data obtained from 318 supervisor–subordinate dyads from a manufacturing organization located in mainland China structural equation modeling results revealed that affective trust fully mediated the relationships between transformational leadership and the work outcomes of followers including their affective organizational commitment organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and job performance. In contrast cognitive trust negatively mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and follower job performance and had insignificant effects on their affective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of affective trust as a mechanism which translates transformational leadership into positive work outcomes for the organization.